Page- 11
The
help has been taken of source steps. Archeology residence as like place, the
illustration has been taken.
In
northern part the information and source of these five areas have been
collected. But there is no archeological sign in all of police stations of five
areas. Old cultural residential places have been shown in all of these five
areas through this research map from the police station far away. In views of
time, workforce, and ability the information has been taken from this areas in
favor of collected research. Overall there is opportunity for researcher to
visit, live in all of these five areas. Finally, in the processing of
archeologist, the importance is enormous of the existing research, published
books, unpublished journals and seminar report.
Archeological introduction in Bangladesh
Bengali
is north- west of Asia, middle point of south- East Asia.
There is the influence of the language of Arabic, Farsi and Turkey as well
as like the south west part religion, art, festival foods and special dresses.
On the other hand, the main food as like the countries of south East Asia rice and fish are main food. leaf and spice for
it is for addiction and, Lunge is for male (traditionally for women also) the
main dress. In residential places natural building materials, an especially
bamboo used material was mass used. Bengali as much related to Asia as well as South East Asia too. The influence is in Bengali that are
mostly of two hundred colonial domination therefore. Otherwise, the people of Bangladesh
accepted Islam therefore the influence is enormous for ages in the culture of
the country.
The
traditional description of the areas of Bangladesh not as much historical
the more is from colonial. History describes that the campaign of Alekgender in
west India
at the time of 326 BC. Historians knew the folks those were known as residence
of Gongaridoi. Gongaridoi was in costal area. Historians are agreed on that
Gongaridoi was in east part of river. It is mentioned that
Page- 12
During the time the main flow was to the Vagirothi
ways and there was existence now flowing the Jamuna river, because the Bhrommo
Putro river flowed in the old way in Elahi 1984. As per description of
Alekjender the same name were given to indigenous people therefore. So there is
no doubt that Gongaridoi was the main of these nation in this sub- continent.
It is possible to make united the Gongaridoi with the south country, the
residence was known as Pundu at the time of Sultana in 1981.
In the thirteen centauries until Muslims comes there
the nation was divided in different sections those were Borendra (North
Bengali) Bongo (South Bengali) and Somotot (East Bengali including most areas).
One thing is mentioned that for thousands year the main continent was powerful
continent East Gongorodai that became latter
East Country. Mourzo Gupto Pal all of them the main power was inside of this
area which was expanded up- to Bihar
therefore. May be during those four dominations the sub- continent and areas
around there was strong cultural influence Sultana, 1981. Most of part at the
time was under the Morzo Kings from 4th
Christian era to 2nd Christian era. The base of the kingdom was Bihar and Bengali area Boshu 1320. Most of Borendra
residence was in Pundu Bordhon the capital was Pundunagar (Now known as
Mohasthan) Sultana, 1993. It is estimated from different references that there
was the base of Join at the time of Morzo but later Ashock preached in that
sub- continent Budho religion. As per description of Huen the Boshu near
Pundunagar that was built at time of Ashock time. Pundunagar was may be the
most beautiful city of Bangladesh.
It was built in the end of 6th centaury. the part of building in the
4th centaury was dogged. Using highly developed method it is
possible to find there archeological materials therefore. During 1st
of 6th centaury which became the kingdom of successors of Bongo Pal
dynasty. Then the name of this country became Bongo Desh (Bangladesh). As
because for long period there was Pundu Bordhon culture therefore the area was
most development Rashid, 1979. The country became independent in 6th
centaury. The kingdom is memorial for two reasons. The kingdom of King Shoshakor
from 603 to 630 Bosho 1320 and old Bengali language got introduced. Enough
documents are there also the businessmen from this area and later Buddhists
preachers went South East Asia therefore.
There was found old archeological buddho plate Law, 1941. During the 6th
centaury
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Found in Kolkata there is written Brakkhi lipi
Smith. 1911. The oldest signs of writing (found in body of seal from that
place. There is found first the Brammobad later Budho concept, but there is
found architectural and puppet books the influence is there therefore Spate,
1957.
Geographical and
Archeological Introduction
Some great went through Bangladesh and Bangladesh Become
the largest cost of the world. The dimension of B- cost 40,225 sft by the
Gonga, Brokkho putro and Meghna
River. It is clear that
seasonal rain, changing river direction and evaluation flow made in that help.
Bangladesh is made by known as Bengal
Delta, as per view of Dani it was divided by three. As like:
(1)
North West Bongo means North Bongo.
(2)
Nort East Bongo means out of Faridpur district Dhaka and Chittagong division.
(3)
Southern Bongo in addition to the geographical area 1961 as per
archealogical view that was divided in three parts:
(A)
Old land made by red soil.
(B)
Approximate old land made by Poly soil.
(C)
Down land made by Poly soil.
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But
these Dinar type divided by Bengali culture and that was not relevant in
consideration of archeology. There are four types the Bangladesh is
divided in view of archeology and culture: Northern, Southern, Center and
Eastern. Northern is based on Gonga- Brammoputro. It is assembled with Borendra
Area. Southern is with Hugli river and under down Gonga- Jamuna river. The part
is old historical Bongo, once upon a time whole country was related with it
Elahi, 1984, Image 1.2.
Central
area is Brammo Putro Jamuna and in the middle of Surma Meghna. It is not similar
with any historical part. But it is consider among Borendra, Punjo and Somoton
area. The division is shown in Bangladesh;
it is principally over the rivers of this country. There is some historical
base of this division. Bakr, 1971.
Khilan
has been made by Bay
of Bangladesh, Bengali is
center of it and in northern as because of Tibbot mountain therefore it is
situated among south east Asia of Indian sub- continent illustration: 1.5. So
therefore Bangladesh
has a strategically placement in south east Asia. To say in more particular way
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh from 20 0 05’ northern to
26 0 75 and 88 0 03 east to 92 0 75 east situated this is the largest density
area of the world a summer country. The people of Bangladesh now 225 million and
dimension is 14399 squire fit Rashid, 1977 illustration 1.3.
The
circulation of the continent Wegnar given state is that in 1964, last 30 years
especially about plate techno tic the acceptable information which has been
found which is more sounds. But modern reformation plate or archeological view
it is supposed to the surface of the world divided by some plate. A powerful
unit belongs to every plate. Clark, 1971. The
plates removed in expand of the world the total weight of the continent of the
world the united that increases and decreases. Triasik era (225 to 190 million
year ago) firstly the continent made by most of the lands of the continents,
which is called Panjia. It was surrounded by a continent named Panthashala.
Final the continent broken made 200 million years ago, as a result plates in
different direction
Page- 17
Started
to circulated. Panjia firstly divided by two parts one is Lurasia and another
is Gondoana became known. The two parts were divided by a sea named Tethis.
Lurasia later divided by three parts. North America
made by most of the part of it in west. The surface of Asia and Europe is made by the east part of it. However, the
circulation made in divided two direction and degree is 90 0 clear created in
Indian and Australian era Gordon, 1971.
Jurasik
era 194 to 136 million years ago there was a facture in the part of India and it
started to go northern part of Asia Clark &Evans. 1954. Indian and
Australian part of Gondoana was the it supposed to that was called Indo- Austrolia
Plate. However the division made in the two divided part and the two parts in
90 degree created in the part of Indian and Australian (Molnar and Tappnier
1975: Carey 1976: Irving
1977: Norton Sclater 1979.
Yasin
Amol (54 to 38 million years ago) it moves rapidly in the part of Gondaria and
Europian / Asian (Herenian) and East Asia
(Cathesian) collided with plate. The collision as much higher that it enters
2000 Kilometer as a result Himaloy mountain and enormous Tibbot born and some
eradicated of Chaina. The mountain near India decreases as per plate of
east Asia, One plate went to another of the plate under Arakan Yamo Mattauer,
1981 illustration 1.4
In
the era of Oligosin 38- 28 years ago after some time of plate collision a
ficture was seen in north east part of India and sunk under the sea
surface. The east part made by that part slowly. Gondoana mountain in line of
Jamalpur to Kustia western part now is the surface situated near of it. The
east of that part is very deep as because the area is more than 65- 1 million
years ago the polol circulation made in Gondaria Tethis the Bengali land made
by that therefore. Two sides of Bengali old
Page- 19
Eastern
land is Meghaloy land and western was Chotronagor Mal land. Between of this two
lands are Garo Raj Mohol. Rashid, 1977.
The
boundary of this pap the old mountain came to Dinazpur, Rongpur and Naoga
District very near of surface. Bengali Abobahika and the area surround of it
the northern of this area is biggest expansion and eastern the main change,
became as because of placement or Jamuna- Gonga- Meghna as because of down to
the river Morgan and Mclntire, 1959.
Later,
the down of this surface can become eastern part made as the signs Spate, 1954.
The bengali Abobahika three parts of the surround especially Himaloy mountain
by Polol The land making process mostly of Gonga and Brammonputra river because
of Bakr, 1971. Indo- Gonga cost is more than 1-2 million years old. Seen as
pilgrims 1974, the western of Indo- Brakkho is Sindhu river and in southern was
down to Pascoe and Pilgrim, 1919.
As
because of north Shialok movement Shindhu, Gonga and Brakkho Putro river
discovered. last river as because the change of their direction Garo Rajmohol
Pap went inside the sea the way has been found. Challenging the idea but no one
was able to reach in particular conclusion. Most of part of Bengali Abohika was
born in the end of Palestine
era 7- 25 million years ago. In eastern mountains especially Arkan- Yoma
kingdom from middle age to Palestine
age created. Therefore the third fourth of Bangladesh created The B- cost is
not more than 10,000 years old Rashid, 1977. The relation between human
residence with this land is shown therefore. Especially, firstly: human
residence started especially in high mountain and later expanded to level field
(See Bellow).
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Historical Introduction
There
is not found political history in old Bengali literature. But there is
mentioned the Pundu, Bongo, Shommo etc. It is clear from that description is
that outside of Arjabort there is some other residential place also. The
mentioned nations mentioned in Boidik literature is culprits. There is not
mentioned the name of any kings of Bangladesh. As a result the kings
became different by nation, culture from us thereof. Though the Bengali was
according to authors thereof later Boidik literature mass was mentioned
thereof. The eastern land
of Sodanira river was not
able to cultivatable. So therefore no Vrammon crossed the river. The decision
was taught wrong. As because old Bideh and Koshol are the river flowed it is
clearly mentioned thereof Boshu 1320 Ba.
Later
Boidi is mentioned in different traditional books written in Morzo, Gupto and
Pal written scripts Pundu nation somewhere is Pundru mentioned remind that
Before coming Arzo Pundru was the residence of that places. But unfortunately,
nothing has been found related to them now. The old literature of Bengali is
filled up with fiction though that fictional has no values to historians but
this old of course proves the old Pundru (Chowdhury, 1987).
Northern
of Borendra Mondol (Bogora, Rongpur, Dinazpur, Rajshahi District) was the
residence of old Pundru. Pundru, Aungo. Bongo, Shummo and situated in the verge
thereof. As per the Bodhayon religion residential was outside of Arze culture
and it was system that if anyone mistakenly involve with these indigenous
people or came to these country he has been made purified (Bondhopoddhay,
1974).
Page-21
As
the cave kingdom created the different independent areas of Bangladesh
obliterated. Whole Bangladesh
was under therefore except Shomotot. The surrounding of Shomotot fixing is
difficult. But it seems south east Bengali including Comilla district under
this Shomotot. It is known from dependable source that Shomot was independent
though accepted the kings thereof.
As
the cave dominate of Bangladesh
and in the turmoil situation the reason of founding of two independent kingdoms
there is no necessary to discuss. One of the bravery king in the bad time of
the country built capital in Murshidabad Rashid 1979. After death of Shoshankor
the kingdom destroyed by the outside enemy and within few years the Bangladesh is
divided in four categories Pundubordhon, Korn Shuborn, Shomotot and Tamrolipto.
But he has not mentioned the kings and national status of those kings.
Then
from 650 to 750 Christian era the history of Bangladesh was quite dark Rashid,
1974: Jakaria, 1984. The description of the stories in that time the bravery
matter. But in 8th centaury north India got win and from 725 to 735
making defeated and killed Gouradhipoti ray, 1359. The president of Joshobordhon
wrote in details the description of killing Gourprah. But the kingdom of Joshoborn
has not lasted for long in Bangladesh.
He has been defeated seriously in 736 and declared himself as Boleshor
Chowdhury, 1987.
After
8th centaury the concept on history as compared was good. In the
middle of 8th centaury Pundru sat for power little known man named
Gopal. Possibly this Gopal came from Borendra from local military. That was
memorable for that family no family dominated for about four hundred years. But
Pal time was the time of winning. During the time art, architecture, commerce
and religion developed. The time for Europe was dark during that period Bangladesh and
related area was famous in commerce, art, and economics. Little dynasty
families were developed during the time of Pal. There was two dynasty Chandra
and Vorma. Those who dominated some part of south east of Bangladesh and
Page- 22
Possibly
Arakan. Chandra king of Arakan from 788 to 954 era. Lama Taranath told when
talking the history of Buddhist dominated the east of Bangladesh up-
to 6th to 8th centaury Ray 1359. Then Vorma came after
Chandra. They dominated from the first part of 11th centaury to the
middle of 12th centaury Ray 1386. At the beginning of 13th
centaury as Muslims win this country the change of history got started Ray
1386.
As
soon as the domination got started in Bangladesh of Boddho Pal by the back of
them and in Bihar the popularity of Buddhist
got increased. Nalonder built in Pal time famous Mohabihar and Paharpur largest
Mondir is the witness of that. First part is of Pal in 8th Christian
era Rashid, 1979. Possibly: Dhormopal built for building a large temple Shompur
Bihar in his forefather home at Dhormopal. In
the middle 7th centaury famous Choinik Poribrajok came at
Pundobordhon and gave a description about religious organization famous during
the time. But the surprising matter is that the description is not mentioned at
Paharpur Bihar or temple anywhere else. Or if any existence is there during the
time of tour he must have to mention that. Or may be during tour time to Uan-
Chuang he has not gone to Paharpur at all. In addition to until 17th
as per Budhist view that was not traditional in the country and the author of
famous Tibet historical script Pag Sum Jone Jhong mentioned that Deb Pal
domates money and other assets in different temples as well as other scripts
also indicate to prosperity of that in the centaury 10- 11 centaury Rashid,
1979. It can be said clearly though the different scripture and sculpture
discovered built in the last of 8th centaury Law, 1741.
Christian
8th- 9th centaury king Dhormopal 2nd and 3rd
and the son until Debpal Konouzo including Bihar
Mountain and in Bangladesh a
great kingdom build therefore and temple built therefore. In addition to
Shompur Budho Bihar filled- up by Budho literature (Now Dinazpur district near
Balurghat)
Page- 23
Cultural Archeological Introduction
History
of Bangladesh
and the areas around there the materials that have been found from those many
archeological and geographical conclusion can be drawn Chatterjee, 1952. The
people those who are taught the oldest the oldest of this area, they are
Negreto Hutton, 1931. The sign they live in this found. From Asham to Fillipine
the residential those who live in the area they are Austeroloyeds.
Possibly
they come from western Asia and expanded themselves to south- East
Asia. It seems they learnt farming of south east Asia and they
started farm activities in Bangladesh
and the areas around there Riseley, 1891. The estimation got strong when we see
Bengali and some other Austric language. For example, coconut, quarter and
twenty came from Austric language. The view got strong on that the farm of
south east Asia discussed in relation. The flow ptroaustroleoder and latter
Mongol. Very possibly some of them expanded to little Nagpur and other places as like. On the other
hand Mongol went to south east Asia.
But
one thing is not clear that these alpine people known as Dolicosefike class.
However, they entered to Armenio one
other element that from 2000 and 3000 millennium years ago related to main
element Guha, 1954. According to Alpines Armenio started to make
classification. Possibly, both types of people come there. All those thing
happened between 2500 to 1000 Christian era. The process to make Brammon
started as Arze came there Mozumder, 1987. Latter as per Hindu religion
changed. The great influence has been shown by Anarzo on the flowers of Boidik
and himself, it said that the former Anarzo indigenous
Page- 24
Most
Anarzo counted as lower class which is known as Schedule castes. The coming
Arzo came through this process and mixing with Alpine made Bengali Brammon and
Kayostho Mamun, 1974. The reality is that the Arzo was not in good manner. If
they would it would have been written in their language and the signs of good
manner would have been there Shafer, 1954. Arzo was the fighters and to win in
the fight though they would inter well north west India and has not come yet to
Bengali. If Arzo was good they would keep their touch in the north India as like
Muslims. And Arzo has never come to the areas of Bangladesh.
The dimension of the calculate
principally
the order would have given of the research proposed in the north Bongo (meaning
Rajshahi division) the people of this areas (illustration 1.5). All north Bengal having been some cultural residence built. The
reason to geographical location, the place of river, flood free, reason to have
to have security is most of them. The research has discussed mostly on that.
The place of northern means previously where was no any building related to
archeology, now fully obliterate. That cultural residence was not destroyed not
for any geographical reason that also included as the part of research.
As
surveyed the north archeological signs respectively in paharpur and mohashangor
of Nouga and Bogura district the case study have been operated. Timely the
dimension has been limited to the explanation of Muslims regarding that
internal residence. In introduction to that calculation as discussing
historical, cultural and archeological presentation the primary elements has
been rescued. The description has been mentioned of related source of
information and method and objectives of research.
The
cultural evaluation of Indian continent related to the world culture has
mentioned thereof, as like the culture of horoppa has been mentioned. This sub-
continent
Page- 26
Bangladesh has been included as the evaluation of culture.
Because of Paharpur was the largest Boddho Bihar. Especially, centering is to
women as per viewing geographical point that has been focused on old cultural
residence.
Where
is the old cultural residence Artifacts of signs has been found and what was
their practical use the archeological places build up near rivers, where is
possible to bear brick stone and raw materials. Latter earth quack as flood
drew them to the rivers and for the reason geographical location the subjects
have been discussed in part three.
Part
4th center to the temple of Hindu and Bdhist era Mosque of Muslim
era, grave type less and general residential places the right placement has
been shown. Mentioning is the possible archeological places that also mentioned
there. The reason that most of the time the culture has been developed based on
rivers mentioned here.
Finally,
old cultural residence and discussing destroy the discussion has been made
towards them. The culture Bengali has been discussed in internationally and
internally, so therefore all the importance has been told to the new
generation. India, Pakistan and Nepal and Srilanka of South Asia
the signs and materials have been preserved giving importance internally and
internationally the archeology can be valued economically. At the same time the
importance has been given to preserve the historical property. This is the
first time in Bangladesh
that has been tried in Bangladesh
geographically.
Page- 27
Summery and Conclusion
The
statistics is under the principle of approval has been operated by the
particular objective. Particular geographical environment means especially
center to river flood free and safe place the cultural residence in Bangladesh has
been emerged. Primarily in that point of view the principle has been counted
researching the growth and destroy of that old cultural.
The
research has been happened in south east Asia but not in Bangladesh therefore the importance
increased. Except information in 2nd stage the sign of archeology
visionary information used as source of information and past used method.
Related
statistics about the old population the details description on geography about
the boundary has not been made yet. As made Law, 1954 and Ahmed 1975, many
archeological helps have been made of this geographical and archeological
elements.
Historically,
Gupto and Pal culturally and archeologically used as example the discussion has
been made of Pundru Area. As the information found the cultural signs of the
people the different signs of archeological and cultural have been invented.
In
conclusion it has been said after discussion of geography, history and
archeology old human description and cultural people is existing in Bangladesh.
As example from Bangladesh Mohasthan, Paharpur etc mentioning the oldest
cultural residence has been mentioned in different scripts of this research
works.
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